adult lead poisoning often occurs: fatigue, depression, heart failure, abdominal pain, kidney deficiency, hypertension, joint pain, reproductive disorder, anemia and other symptoms. After lead poisoning in pregnant women, there will be serious consequences such as abortion, underweight newborns, dead infants and infant dysplasia. Children often suffer from anorexia, stomachache, insomnia, learning disabilities, constipation, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, low IQ, anemia and other symptoms. The impact of lead poisoning on the body is multi organ, multi system and systemic. The clinical manifestations are complex and lack of specificity. Let’s follow and learn about it!
The common manifestations of lead poisoning are as follows:
nervous system
nervous system is most vulnerable to lead damage. Lead can damage visual intelligence, visual motor function, memory and reaction time, change language and spatial abstraction ability, sensory and behavioral functions, and cause symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, irritability, headache and hyperactivity. Because the blood-brain barrier matures late, the central nervous system is relatively fragile, and the excretory function is not perfect, it is vulnerable to lead damage.
hematopoietic system
lead can inhibit the synthesis of heme, antagonize iron, zinc, calcium and other elements, induce anemia, and aggravate with the aggravation of lead poisoning. Especially children with iron deficiency anemia.
cardiovascular system
through statistical investigation, it is found that vascular diseases in the population are related to the increase of lead load. There were degenerative changes in aorta, coronary artery, renal artery and cerebral artery in patients with lead poisoning, and myocardial degeneration was also found in children who died of lead poisoning. In addition, lead poisoning can lead to excessive accumulation of intracellular calcium ions, increase the tension and tension of vascular smooth muscle, and cause hypertension and arrhythmia.
lead in digestive system directly acts on smooth muscle, inhibits its autonomous movement, increases its tension, and causes gastrointestinal disorders such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation and dyspepsia. Intact hepatocytes have a certain protective effect on lead toxicity, but the levels of liver mixed function oxidase system and cytochrome P450 decrease in acute lead poisoning, resulting in the impairment of liver detoxification function and pathological changes.
* chronic exposure to urogenital system
can cause chronic nephritis in children and adults. Due to the large compensatory function of kidneys, the renal toxicity of lead is often underestimated. Lead reduces the clearance of kidneys and further increases lead retention in kidney and other tissues. Affect normal physiological functions, such as renal hypertension and central nervous system diseases. With the extension of time, renal damage will aggravate, resulting in impaired excretion and reabsorption of renal tubules, amino acid urine, diabetes and gout, and renal failure in the late stage. Lead has reproductive toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects.
The immune system
lead can bind antibodies. The increase of lead content in drinking water reduces circulating antibodies. Lead can act on lymphocytes, reduce complement titer, increase the body’s susceptibility to endotoxin, reduce resistance, and often cause repeated respiratory and intestinal infections.
endocrine system
lead can inhibit the secretion of vitamin D activating enzyme, adrenocortical hormone and growth hormone, resulting in physical development disorders in children. Every 100 mu increase in blood lead level; G / L, its height is less than 1-3cm.
bone
most of the lead in the body is deposited in the bone, which affects the synthesis of vitamin D3, inhibits the absorption of calcium, acts on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, causes bone metabolism disorder and osteoporosis. Epidemiological studies have shown that when bone loss occurs, lead is released from bone into blood, causing long-term and lasting toxic effects on major systems. The above is the damage caused by lead to the major systems of the human body. In addition, lead can also cause the loss of various nutrients and trace elements, cause the disorder of enzyme system, and then lead to the low physiological function.
Measures to prevent lead poisoning
there are many factors causing excessive lead content in adults, including eating habits, tableware, cosmetics and furniture, which may lead to excessive lead accumulation in the human body.
if you find excess lead in your body, you’d better go to the hospital in time, and pay more attention in your life according to the doctor’s guidance. The excess lead in your body can be discharged from the body. To prevent lead poisoning, we should start from many aspects such as diet and living habits. First of all, newspapers and other printed materials cannot be used as food packaging in diet. When food is contained in food bags, the calligraphy, paintings and trademarks on the bags should be avoided from direct contact with food, especially acid food; Vegetables and fruits shall be washed before eating, and those that can be peeled shall be peeled as far as possible to prevent lead in residual pesticides.
in terms of living, try not to use lead paint to decorate the walls, floors and furniture of the home. Otherwise, once the paint chips peel off, the lead in the paint is very easy to cause lead pollution in the room. Try to use lead-free cosmetics, hair dyes, etc. In addition, don’t walk near roads with many cars, because there are a lot of lead in car exhaust and the soil around the road.
to prevent lead poisoning, we must first improve living habits. Dairy products and bean products with sufficient calcium should be eaten frequently; Animal liver, blood, meat, eggs and seafood rich in iron and zinc; Fresh fruits, etc rich in vitamin C. In addition, avoid eating too greasy food (fat promotes lead absorption).